Europe’s energy transition is usually described through a relatively simple set of numbers: how many solar panels have been installed, how much wind capacity has been added, how quickly emissions are falling, and how much fossil-fuel consumption has been displaced. These indicators matter. But they do not tell us whether the transition is economically well designed.
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Why Western Europe Is Falling Behind: Welfare States, Interventionism, and the Loss of Economic Vitality
To say that Western Europe is “poor” would be inaccurate and intellectually dishonest. Compared with developing countries, Western Europe remains wealthy. But that is not the correct benchmark. The real question is whether Western Europe has reached the level of dynamism, innovation, and economic vitality that its history, institutions, and human capital should allow. On this standard, the answer is increasingly no.
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